Kidney
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The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine. They play a vital role in filtering waste, balancing fluids, and maintaining overall homeostasis in the body.
Functions of the Kidneys
- Filter blood to remove waste products and excess fluids
- Regulate electrolyte levels (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium)
- Maintain acid-base balance
- Produce hormones like erythropoietin (for red blood cell production) and renin (for blood pressure control)
- Activate vitamin D for bone health
Common Kidney-Related Conditions
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – Gradual loss of kidney function over time
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) – Sudden and often reversible loss of kidney function
- Kidney Stones – Hard mineral deposits that cause severe pain
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) – Can ascend to affect the kidneys
- Glomerulonephritis – Inflammation of kidney filtering units
- Nephrotic/Nephritic Syndrome – Syndromes with abnormal protein or blood loss in urine
- Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) – Genetic disorder causing kidney cysts
- Renal Cancer – Malignant tumors in the kidneys












