Lungs
The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located in the chest cavity. They are essential for respiration, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the environment.
Functions of the Lungs
- Facilitate gas exchange: oxygen in, carbon dioxide out
- Help regulate blood pH by controlling CO₂ levels
- Protect against inhaled pathogens and particles through mucus and cilia
- Produce surfactant to keep air sacs (alveoli) open
- Assist in vocalization by controlling airflow
Common Lung Conditions
- Asthma – Chronic inflammation causing airway narrowing
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – Progressive lung disease including emphysema and chronic bronchitis
- Pneumonia – Infection causing inflammation of the lung tissue
- Tuberculosis (TB) – Bacterial infection affecting lungs
- Pulmonary Fibrosis – Scarring of lung tissue
- Lung Cancer – Malignant tumors in lung tissue
- Pulmonary Embolism – Blood clot in lung arteries
- Pleural Effusion – Fluid accumulation around the lungs
- Pneumothorax – Collapsed lung due to air in the pleural space
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