Blood
Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It also plays a key role in immunity, clotting, and maintaining homeostasis.
Pathological tests of blood are essential for diagnosing infections, anemia, clotting disorders, immune conditions, cancers, and monitoring overall health.
Functions of Blood
- Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide back to lungs
- Delivers nutrients and hormones to cells
- Removes waste products for excretion
- Defends against infections via white blood cells and antibodies
- Clots to prevent excessive bleeding
- Regulates body temperature and pH balance
Common Blood Pathological Conditions
- Anemia – Low red blood cell count or hemoglobin, leading to fatigue
- Leukemia – Cancer of blood-forming tissues
- Hemophilia – Genetic disorder affecting blood clotting
- Thrombocytopenia – Low platelet count, increasing bleeding risk
- Sepsis – Severe infection causing systemic inflammation
- Blood infections – Including bacteremia, viremia, and parasitemia












